高考语法专项之非谓语动词

一．动名词的用法：

1. 主语

 Climbing up the hill will benefit your health.

 Seeing is believing.   To see is to believe.

Playing with fire is dangerous.(一般性)

Be careful ! To play with fire will be dangerous. （具体或一次）

It is no use/good/worthwhile doing sth.

2. 表语

Her job is teaching.

His hobby is collecting stamps.

3. 宾语（vt或介词之后）

Have you finished cleaning the classroom?

He is fond of playing football.

★ 下列动词只能接动名词做宾语：

  考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

  避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon

admit,  delay/put off,  fancy

avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice

deny,  finish, enjoy/ appreciate

forbid, imagine, risk

can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape.

固定短语：

  be used to, devote... to, stick to, object to

  get down to, pay attention to,

can’t bear/stand, give up, feel like, insist on

be busy in,  have difficulty/ trouble in...

have a good/wonderful/hard time in...

★ forget doing sth

forget to do sth

remember, regret, try, mean, go on, stop

动名词的复合结构： one’s + doing

His coming made me very happy.

Mary’s crying annoyed him.

She didn’t mind his/him/Tom’s/Tom crying.

动名词的语态与否定：

一般式 doing       被动  being done

完成式 having done  被动  having been done

I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.

I regret not taking his advice.

二．分词的用法： doing(现在分词) ; done

一般式 doing       被动  being done

完成式 having done  被动  having been done

1．  分词作定语：

The man standing by the window is our teacher.

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?

Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.

The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

前置定语： a surprising/surprised look

 The broken glass is Tom’s.

 boiling/boiled water;    falling/fallen leaves

2． 分词作宾补:

（1）see, hear, watch , observe, notice

  see    sb    do  （完成）

  see     sb   doing   sth  （正在）

  see    sb/ sth  done    （被动）

 I heard her sing an English song just now.

  She was heard to sing an English song just now.

  I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

  She was heard singing an English song...

  I heard an English song sung/ being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.

 At that moment I saw him crossing the road.

 I was glad to see the children well taken care of.

 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.

（2）have sb do sth     get sb to do sth

   have/ get sb doing sth  (一直做...)

   have/ get   sb/sth   done

I want to have my hair cut .

I’ll have my bike repaired tomorrow.

（3） leave 使...处于...状态

leave sb to do sth   留下某人去做...

leave sth to be done 留下某事要去被做

leave sb doing   让某人一直做...

leave sth undone（unfinished, undone, unsettled, untouched） 留下某事未做

It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.

The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.

He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.

We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

（4） find  catch

find sb doing sth   (正在)

find sb/ sth done   (被动)

（5）advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, order, persuade, require, teach, want, tell, warn, wish, call on, depend on

advise sb to do sth

（6）It is said/believed/ known/ reported/ considered that...

= sb be said/ believed... to do/ to be done/ to have done/ to have been done/ to be doing

It is said that he has gone abroad.

He is said to have gone abroad.

Heat is considered to be a form of energy.

He is thought to have invented the first telephone in the world.

3．  分词做状语

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (时间)

Being a student, we should work hard.

Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way. （原因）

Driving too fast, you will damage the car. （条件）

They went into the hall, laughing and talking. （伴随）

Given more time, we can do better.

The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.

Not having finished the task, we had to work two more hours.

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

状语从句省略:

When offered help, one often says “Thank you.”

Be careful while/ when crossing the street.

Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

If invited to the party, I will be happy.

独立成分做状语：

generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging by/ from

considering...    taking ... into consideration

to tell you the truth

Judging from his accent, he is from the south.

Considering your health, you’d better have a rest.

To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.

独立主格结构：

The test finished, we began our holiday.

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

The man lay there, his hands trembing.

All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.

Miss Gao falling ill, Mr Wang took her class instead.

The guests having left, he began to take a short rest.

with复合结构：

They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning.

She had to walk home with her bike stolen.

With much work to do, I can’t go out.

不定式做状语：表目的 （句中或句首）

Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.

He got up early in order to catch the first bus.

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

Only to do 放在句末表示意想不到的结果状语。

She hurried to the theatre only to find/only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.

Doing 放在句末表示自然顺承的结果。

Football is played in more than80 countries, making it popular in the world.

The population of Zhengzhou has greatly increased, making it one of the largest cities in our countries.

The thief stole the lights in the building, making the building dark.

非谓语动词

1. (09安徽)The play           next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture．

A. produced                  B. being produced

    C. to be produced            D. having been produced

2. (09北京) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ___ on his own farm.

A. grown       B. being grown      C. to be grown    D. to grow

3. (09北京)All of them try to use the power of the workstation _________ information in a more effective way.

A. presenting     B. presented   C. being presented     D. to present

4. (09北京) _________ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.

A. Being bitten      B. Bitten    

C. Having bitten     D. To be bitten

5. (09福建) _________ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.

A. Reminding      B. Reminded     

C. To remind      D. Having reminded

6. (09福建)In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _________ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.

A. marking           B. marked    

C. having marked     D. being marked

7. (09湖南)Every evening after dinner, if not _________ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired

8. (09湖南)At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _________ in a small apartment near Boston and _________ what to do about his future.

A. living; wondering  B. lived; wondering  

C. lived; wondered    D. living; wondered

9. (09湖南)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _________.

A. reusing   B. reused

C. reuses D. to be reused

10. (09湖南)Please do me a favor --_________  my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

A. to invite B. inviting

C. invite D. invited

12. (09江西)_________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.

   A. Giving          B. Having given     

C. To give        D. Given

13. (09江西)The government plans to bring in new laws _________ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.

   A. forced          B. forcing       

C. to be forced        D. having forced

14. (09辽宁)When we visited my old family home, memory came _________ back

   A. flooding       B. to flood       

C. flood         D. flooded

15. (09辽宁)            , you need to give all you have and try your best.

A. Being a winner   B. To be a winner    

C. Be a winner    D. Having been a winner

16. (09全国I)The children all turned _________ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.

A. looked at        B. to look at        

C. to looking at    D. look at

17. (09全国I)Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions _________?

A. taking         B. take           

C. taken          D. to take

18. (09全国II)It is often _________ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

A. said   B. to say   C. saying D. being said

19. (09全国II)They use computers to keep the traffic _________ smoothly.

A. being run       B. run          

C. to run          D. running

20. (09山东)We are invited to a party _________ in our club next Friday.  

A. to be held         B. held         

C. being held         D. holding

21. (09陕西)I still remember _________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there .

A. to take           B. to be taken          

C. taking        D. being taken

22. (09上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _________ all four people on board.

A. killed    B. killing    C. kills   D. to kill

23. (09上海)With the government’s aid,  those _________ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.

A. affect      B. affecting       

C. affected       D. were affected

24. (09上海)Bill suggested _________ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.      

A. having held     B. to hold      

C. holding        D. hold

25. (09上海)David threatened _________ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.

A. to be reported      B. reporting        

C. to report           D. having reported

26. (09四川)He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion

A. to have       B. having       

C. have         D. had

27. (09四川)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.              

A. seated        B. seating       

C. to seat        D. seat

28. (09四川)_________ many times, he finally understood it.

A. Told         B. Telling    

C. Having told     D. Having been told

29. (09天津)_________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.

A. Competing          B. Having completed  

C. To have completed  D. To complete

30. (09天津)_________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.

A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging   

C. Encouraged       D. Having encouraged

31. (09浙江)_________ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

A. To be tried      B. Tired    

C. Tiring     D. Being tired

32. (09浙江)There is a great deal of evidence _________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.

A. indicate            B. indicating       

C. to indicate         D. to be indicating

33. (09重庆) Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, _________ with his old one.

A. comparing         B. compares          

C. to compare          D. compared

34. (09重庆)With the world changing fast, we have something new _________ with all by ourselves every day.

A. deal              B. dealt        

C. to deal          D. dealing